4 is recommended for human consumption and for feeding poultry. Lower in allantoin and higher in protein, Bocking No. 14 is an early-season variety that high in allantoin and potassium and resistant to comfrey rust. 14" from the English Henry Doubleday Research Association (HDRA), as well as "Harras" as the first alkaloid-free cultivar. Notable cultivated varieties are "Bocking No. Since 2008, an alkaloid-free variety has been known. Since around the year 2000, there are even international bans on products containing comfrey. However, concerns about possible liver damage due to prolonged uptake of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids contained in the plant have been a cause for restraint in its use for some time, especially in food use (the "comfrey crisis"). In addition to medicinal, horticultural and ornamental use, it is also known as animal food and even for human consumption. After two years of establishment, the robust and easy perennial crop enables highest protein yields. Its hybrid vigour (→yield potential) makes Russian comfrey the preferred Symphytum crop. Several forms have been described, initially as independent hybrids. The epithet uplandicum refers to the Swedish province of Uppland, where the observation for the official first formal scientific species description was made by Carl Frederik Nyman and published in 1855 in Sylloge Florae Europaeae. Sell (together with Symphytum orientale L.). Sell: (together with Symphytum grandiflorum DC.) and Symphytum × perringianum P. It is itself parent to the multiple-cross hybrids Symphytum × hidcotense P. Symphytum uplandicum is an interspecific hybrid between Symphytum asperum and Symphytum officinale. Symphytum officinale has decurrent leaf bases, winged stem internodes, and seeds with shiny black surfaces. They measure 3 to 4 by 2 to 2.5 millimeters. The fruits are segmented into four egg-shaped nutlets whose surfaces are brown, dull, and finely granular. The filaments of the five stamens are narrower than their anthers. The corolla measures 12 to 18 millimetres in diameter. The five petals are either initially pink and later blue or permanently purple. The five sepals are fused into a 5 to 7 millimetres long calyx with usually pointed calyx lobes. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with five- petals and dichlamydeous perianth. The flowering period is from May to August. The leaf blade is up to 25 centimeters long and never cordate. In the upper parts they may be opposite and are stalkless, shortly decurrent, or more or less fused around the stem. On the lower stem they are arranged in an alternate pattern. Its root system has a pronounced, deep-reaching taproot.Īlong the erect, branched stems grow large simple, mostly stalked leaves. Above ground the plant is hairy, but not spiny. and is widespread in the British Isles and interbreeds with S. It has been introduced as a crop in many places around the world. ![]() It occurs naturally in Caucasus region where it grows in waste areas and disturbed soils. It represents the economically most important kind of comfrey. peregrinum auct.) is a common hybrid between Symphytum officinale and S. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.Russian comfrey or Quaker comfrey ( Symphytum × uplandicum, syn. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. CC BY-SA 3.0 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 true true This licensing tag was added to this file as part of the GFDL licensing update. share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original. ![]() You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. ![]()
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